Amazon and Other E-Retailers Get a Free Pass from Some Local-Level Sales Taxes

March 26, 2018

Carl Davis
Research Director

A new ITEP analysis reveals that in seven states (Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Iowa, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Pennsylvania), the nation’s largest e-retailer, Amazon.com, is either not collecting local-level sales taxes or is charging a lower tax rate than local retailers. In other states, such as Colorado and Illinois, Amazon is collecting local tax because it has an in-state presence, but localities cannot collect taxes from other e-retailers based outside the state.  In a New York Times story covering the report, Mayor Tim Keller of Albuquerque explained: “The loser in that arrangement is cities. Cities are really being left to themselves.”

These gaps in local tax enforcement could become even more consequential starting this summer if, as expected, the U.S. Supreme Court allows for wider collection of state and local sales taxes in the pending South Dakota v. Wayfair Inc. case. If this occurs, most states and localities will see increased sales tax revenues and a fairer, more enforceable system that collects tax not only from shoppers who “buy local,” but from those who prefer to shop via their laptops or smartphones as well.

In cities such as Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Albuquerque, however, changes in local or state law will be needed before local taxes can be collected by many e-retailers. Simply waiting for the Supreme Court or Congress to act will not be enough.

While the specific changes needed vary by state, the two most important reforms include implementing local “use taxes” to complement existing sales taxes, and using “destination-sourcing” in local tax law so that the location of the buyer—rather than the seller—determines the tax amount charged. While these changes sound technical, both are already common in states spanning both coasts and everywhere in between.

When it comes to modernizing the enforcement of sales taxes, big changes may soon be coming from the federal level. Local lawmakers should make sure they are ready.

Read ITEP’s new brief: Many Localities Are Unprepared to Collect Taxes on Online Purchases