Sales, Gas and Excise Taxes
Sales Tax Holidays: An Ineffective Alternative to Real Sales Tax Reform
July 24, 2013 • By Meg Wiehe
Sales taxes are an important revenue source, comprising close to half of all state revenues in 2012. But sales taxes are also inherently regressive because the lower a family's income, the more of its income the family must spend on things subject to the tax.
Don’t Blame the Gas Tax for High Gas Prices
May 20, 2013 • By Carl Davis
American consumers are keenly aware of the price of gasoline, but uninformed about what drives that price. When asked about the federal gas tax, for example, six in ten Americans said the tax rate goes up every year. In reality, the federal gas tax hasn't budged from its 18.4 cent rate in almost twenty years, and roughly half the states haven't seen their gas tax rates change in a decade or more.
More Inaccuracies, Bigger Omissions: Arthur Laffer’s Newest Study of Income Tax Repeal Falls Short
January 23, 2013 • By Carl Davis
Arthur Laffer's consulting firm--Arduin, Laffer & Moore Econometrics (ALME)--has released a report purporting to show that North Carolina could usher in an economic boom if it repeals its personal and corporate income taxes and replaces them primarily with a much larger sales tax. Prepared for the Civitas Institute, "More Jobs, Bigger Paychecks" relies on an economic analysis that is fundamentally flawed to the point of making it entirely useless.
Proposal to Eliminate Income Taxes Amounts to a Tax Increase on Bottom 80 Percent of Louisianans
January 11, 2013 • By Meg Wiehe
Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal has said that he supports the elimination of the state's personal and corporate income taxes. In fiscal year 2012, Louisiana collected nearly $3 billion in revenues from its personal and corporate income taxes.
Four Tax Ideas for Jobs-Focused Governors
July 15, 2012 • By ITEP Staff
As the nation's governors gather in Williamsburg, Virginia this week, their focus is on their Chairman's initiative, Growing State Economies. Too often, however, a governor's knee-jerk response to a lagging economy is to start cutting taxes, even though state tax cuts offer a demonstrably low economic bang-for-the-buck, for a number of reasons.
Sales Tax Holidays: A Boondoggle
July 1, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe
Sales taxes are among the most important--and most unfair--taxes levied by state governments. Sales taxes accounted for a third of state taxes in 2011, but sales taxes are regressive, falling far more heavily on low- and middle- income taxpayers than on the wealthy. In recent years, lawmakers thinking they might lessen the impact of these taxes have enacted "sales tax holidays" that provide temporary sales tax breaks for purchases of clothing, computers, and other items. This policy brief looks at sales tax holidays as a tax reduction device.
Kansas Governor Tax Proposal: Wealthy Kansans Pay Less, Poor and Middle-Income Kansans Pay More
January 11, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe
Kansas Governor Sam Brownback unveiled his long anticipated tax plan last week. Sweeping changes to reduce the state’s reliance on its progressive personal income tax are at the core of the proposal. The plan cuts income tax rates, eliminates a variety of income tax deductions and credits, and makes permanent a temporary sales tax rate […]
Building a Better Gas Tax
December 14, 2011 • By Carl Davis
State gas taxes are currently levied in every state, and are the most important source of transportation revenue under the control of state lawmakers. In recent years, however, state gas taxes have fallen dramatically relative to the rising cost of asphalt, concrete, labor, and everything else that goes into maintaining a transportation network. The results […]
Costs of Personal Income Tax Repeal in Kansas
October 4, 2011 • By Meg Wiehe
Given the challenging fiscal climate facing Kansas, the proposed income tax plan should be thought of not simply as a tax cut but as a tax swap. News reports confirm our expectation that revenues from income taxes would be at least partially replaced by sales and property taxes under the Governor’s plan. The graphic below […]
Cigarette Taxes: Issues and Options
October 1, 2011 • By Meg Wiehe
Efforts to increase sales and income taxes usually face some opposition. Yet in many states, lawmakers have been able to agree on one approach to revenue-raising: the cigarette tax. In the past several years nearly every state has enacted a cigarette tax increase to help fund health care, discourage smoking, or to help balance state budgets. This policy brief looks at the advantages and disadvantages of cigarette taxes, and cigarette tax hikes, as a state and local revenue source.
Uncertain Benefits, Hidden Costs: The Perils of State-Sponsored Gambling
October 1, 2011 • By Meg Wiehe
The recent fiscal downturn forced cash-strapped, tax-averse state lawmakers to seek unconventional revenue-raising alternatives, for additional revenue-raising opportunities outside of the income, sales and property taxes that form the backbone of most state tax systems. One of the most popular alternatives to those major revenue sources is state sponsored gambling. As this policy brief points out, however, gambling revenues are rarely as lucrative, or as long-lasting, as supporters claim.
Sales Tax Holidays: A Boondoggle
July 14, 2011 • By Meg Wiehe
Sales taxes are among the most important--and most unfair--taxes levied by state governments. Sales taxes accounted for a third of state taxes in 2011, but sales taxes are regressive, falling far more heavily on low- and middle- income taxpayers than on the wealthy. In recent years, lawmakers thinking they might lessen the impact of these taxes have enacted "sales tax holidays" that provide temporary sales tax breaks for purchases of clothing, computers, and other items. This policy brief looks at sales tax holidays as a tax reduction device.
How Can States Collect Taxes Owed on Internet Sales?
July 1, 2011 • By ITEP Staff
Retail trade has been transformed by the emergence of the Internet. As the popularity of "e-commerce" (that is, transactions conducted over the Internet) has grown, policymakers have engaged in a heated debate over how state sales taxes should be applied to these transactions. This debate is of critical importance for state lawmakers because sales taxes comprise close to a third of all state tax revenues.
Options for Progressive Sales Tax Relief
July 1, 2011 • By ITEP Staff
Sales taxes are one of the most important revenue sources for state and local governments--and are also one of the most unfair taxes. In recent years, policymakers nationwide have struggled to find ways of making sales taxes more equitable while preserving this important source of funding for public services. This policy brief discusses the advantages and disadvantages of two approaches to progressive sales tax relief: broad-based exemptions and targeted sales tax credits.
Should Sales Taxes Apply to Services?
July 1, 2011 • By ITEP Staff
General sales taxes are an important revenue source for state governments, accounting for close to half of state tax collections nationwide. But most state sales taxes have a damaging structural flaw: the tax typically applies to most sales of goods, such as books and computers, but exempts most services such as haircuts and car repairs. This omission is not the result of conscious policy choices, but a historical accident: when most state sales taxes were enacted in the 1930s, services were a relatively small part of consumer spending.
How Sales and Excise Taxes Work
July 1, 2011 • By ITEP Staff
Sales and excise taxes, or consumption taxes, are an important revenue source, comprising close to half of all state tax revenues. These taxes are levied in each of the fifty states and are often considered "hidden" to consumers since they're spread out over many purchases rather than paid in one lump sum. This policy brief takes a closer look at how these taxes are calculated.
Expert to North Carolina: Don’t Cap the Gas Tax
June 23, 2011 • By Meg Wiehe
With the state’s gas tax pegged to the price of gasoline, North Carolina is scheduled to raise its gas tax rate on July 1. This increase was entirely predictable, but is understandably controversial. Unfortunately, the debate surrounding what to do in the wake of this increase has been far too narrow, focusing on just two […]
States Should Not Allow Amazon.com to Bully Them into Forgoing Sales Tax Reform
April 14, 2011 • By Carl Davis
In just the last few weeks, Arkansas and Illinois joined New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island in enacting legislation requiring some online retailers, like Amazon.com, to collect sales taxes on purchases made by their state’s residents. Vermont’s House of Representatives recently passed similar legislation, and Arizona, California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New […]
ITEP’s Testimony on Sales Tax Modernization Proposal
April 13, 2011 • By Meg Wiehe
My testimony focuses on Governor Chafee’s Sales Tax Modernization Proposal, which would generally broaden Rhode Island’s sales tax base, lower the general state sales tax rate, and raise additional revenue to help mitigate budget cuts. In particular, my testimony will provide thoughts on two components of the governor’s proposal: adding a mix of services to […]
ITEP’s Testimony on TRAC Sales and Use Tax Proposal
August 13, 2010 • By Carl Davis
My testimony today offers several broad thoughts on the implications of the proposals for sales and use tax reform laid out so far by the Tax Realignment Commission (TRAC). The testimony stresses that while base-broadening is of paramount importance in achieving a more sustainable state sales tax, policymakers should be aware of the need for […]
Leadership Tax Plan Hits Poor Hardest
March 2, 2010 • By ITEP Staff
Media outlets are reporting that leaders in the New Mexico legislature reached a tentative agreement in the days leading up to this week’s special legislative session that would impose over $220 million a year in new Gross Receipts Taxes (GRT) and cigarette taxes. Reports also indicate that the agreement does not include any provisions to […]
Evaluating Special Session Revenue-Raising Options
February 26, 2010 • By ITEP Staff
In a special legislative session starting March 1, the New Mexico Legislature will consider a variety of revenue-raising options to close the state’s budget deficit. Some of the options under consideration—especially those approved by the state Senate earlier this year—would fall much more heavily on low- and middle-income families than on the best-off New Mexicans. […]
Determining the Statewide Sales Tax Rate Under SJR 29 and HJR 56
February 9, 2010 • By ITEP Staff
Senate Joint Resolution 29 and House Joint Resolution 56 are currently being debated in the Missouri Legislature. The proposals would place a constitutional amendment on the ballot to dramatically change the state’s revenue structure by eliminating the individual income and corporate income/franchise taxes and replacing them with a greatly expanded sales tax. The new statewide […]
Testimony on SJR 29: Income Tax Repeal
January 28, 2010 • By ITEP Staff
In evaluating SJR 29, policymakers should have a clear understanding of how broad the tax base could actually be under such a plan, what the tax rate would actually have to be in order to make the plan revenue-neutral overall, and how the plan overall would affect Missourians at different income levels. My testimony presents […]
Analysis of HJR 36 “Fair” Tax Plan
May 1, 2009 • By ITEP Staff
Earlier this week, the Missouri Senate Ways and Means Committee held a hearing on House Joint Resolution 36, which would eliminate the state’s individual and corporate income taxes while increasing the state’s sales tax rate and applying the sales tax to all consumer spending. The bill would also introduce a sales tax rebate to offset […]
Sales, excise, and gas taxes are an important source of revenue for states. The sales tax, in fact accounts for half of all state tax revenue. Forty-five states levy broad-based sales taxes, every state levies at least some type of tax on consumption, and all states have a tax on gasoline. But these taxes aren’t without problems.
Sales taxes are inherently regressive—requiring lower- and middle-income taxpayers to spend a larger share of their household budgets in tax than their wealthier neighbors. The gas tax provides funding for infrastructure, but many states have not modernized their gas tax, meaning it no longer raises adequate revenue. ITEP resources on sales, excise and gas taxes provide general and state-specific information about the mechanics of these taxes and options for reform.
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