Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy

ITEP's Research Priorities

National Conference of State Legislatures: On the Move- State Strategies for 21st Century Transportation Solutions

December 17, 2012

“This report explores a wide array of innovative surface transportation reform laws, policies and programs that policymakers are considering or pursuing to take the nation’s transportation system well into the 21st century. Particular focus is placed on policies that promote fiscal and environmental sustainability; facilitate affordable, safe and accessible transportation choices; and achieve shared benefits […]

California Budget Project: What Would Proposition 38 Mean for California

December 17, 2012

Proposition 38, which will appear on the November 6, 2012 statewide ballot, would temporarily increase personal income tax rates for nearly all California taxpayers and allocate the new revenues to K-12 education, early childhood education, and repayment of state general obligation (GO) bond debt. Proposition 38 would raise an estimated $10 billion in 2013-14 – […]

California Budget Project: What Would Proposition 30 Mean for California

December 17, 2012

“Proposition 30, which will appear on the November 6, 2012 statewide ballot, would increase personal income tax rates on very-high-income Californians for seven years and raise the state’s sales tax rate by one-quarter cent for four years. The Legislative Analyst’s Offi ce (LAO) estimates that the measure would raise an average of approximately $6 billion […]

Michigan League for Human Services: Got Skin in the Game?

December 17, 2012

It is often said that families who receive government assistance do not have any “skin in the game,” meaning that they use government-funded programs but do not contribute to the revenue that funds these programs. But, as Benjamin Franklin said, the only things that are certain are death and taxes and everybody pays taxes. Wealth […]

North Carolina Justice Center: Improving the Sales Tax – A Critical Step to a Modern Revenue System

December 17, 2012

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The state sales tax in North Carolina represents nearly 30 percent of the state’s total revenue each year. In 2011, the states sales tax generated $5.9 billion in state revenue. The sales tax is regressive, which means that it asks more from those with the least ability to pay. Lower-income families spend a […]

Kansas Action for Children: Kansas Tax Reform in 2012: What does it mean for children and families?

December 17, 2012

“One of the defining issues of the 2012 Kansas legislative session was tax policy. Ultimately, the package of tax changes enacted by lawmakers will negatively impact Kansas children and families in a number of ways. • State revenues will be dramatically reduced – affecting available funding for necessary services such as education, the social safety […]

North Carolina Justice Center: WHO PAYS TAXES?- The Poor, the Rich, and Everyone In Between

December 17, 2012

“KEY FINDINGS Every household pays taxes. Even the poorest fifth of American households paid an average of one-sixth (16 percent) of their total income in federal, state, and local taxes in 2009. The wealthiest 1 percent of households in the country, with annual incomes averaging more than $1.3 million, paid less than one-third (30.7 percent) […]

Louisiana Budget Project: Louisiana’s Earned Income Tax Credit: A Smart Investment in Working Families and Children

December 17, 2012

“With poverty on the rise in Louisiana, especially among children, policymakers should expand the state’s version of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)—a tried-and-true tax benefit for families that work, but earn low wages. Louisiana’s credit is the smallest in the nation, which keeps it from helping as much as it could. Its size should […]

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Previewing Tax Reform in the States: National Trends and State-specific Prospects for 2013

December 13, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

Following an election that left half the states with veto-proof legislative majorities, 39 states with one-party rule and more than a dozen with governors who put tax reform high on their agendas, 2013 promises to be a big year for changes to state tax laws.

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Tax Principles: Building Blocks of A Sound Tax System

December 1, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

The fundamental purpose of taxation is to raise the revenue necessary to fund public services. While there are many ways to achieve this goal, a widely agreed-upon set of principles should be used to evaluate tax systems. This policy brief provides a basic overview of five commonly cited principles of sound tax policy: equity, adequacy, simplicity, exportability, and neutrality.

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Five Steps Toward a Better Tax Expenditure Debate

October 1, 2012 • By Carl Davis

Almost without exception, state lawmakers do not closely scrutinize special tax credits, exemptions, and other "tax expenditures" on a regular basis. A recent report by the Pew Center on the States found, for example, that half the states have done nothing even remotely rigorous in the last five years to determine if even a single one of their economic development tax incentives is working.

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State Tax Codes As Poverty Fighting Tools

September 13, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

The tax systems of virtually every state are pushing poor families deeper into poverty. But state tax systems also have the potential to play a role in fighting poverty. The four low-income tax credits discussed in this report are among the most cost-effective anti-poverty strategies available to lawmakers: the Earned Income Tax Credit, property tax circuit breakers, targeted low-income tax credits, and child-related tax credits. This report identifies the states in which each of these credits is offered, and provides specific recommendations tailored to policymakers in each state as they work to combat poverty.

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Most of Indiana Tax Rate Cut Would Flow to Upper-Income Taxpayers

August 27, 2012 • By Carl Davis

Alternative Could Provide Larger Tax Cuts for Most Hoosiers Indiana gubernatorial candidate, and current U.S. Representative, Mike Pence recently unveiled his plan to cut the state’s flat personal income tax rate from 3.4 percent to 3.06 percent, should he be elected governor. Pence described the plan as an “across the board” tax cut for “every […]

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Corporate Income Tax Apportionment and the “Single Sales Factor”

August 1, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

One of the thorniest problems in administering state corporate income taxes is how to distribute the profits of multi-state corporations among the states in which they operate. Ultimately, each corporation's profits should be taxed in their entirety, but some corporations pay no tax at all on a portion of their profits. This problem has emerged, in part, due to recent state efforts to manipulate the "apportionment rules" that distribute such profits. This policy brief explains how apportionment rules work and assesses the effectiveness of special apportionment rules such as "single sales factor" as economic development tools.

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State Estate and Inheritance Taxes

August 1, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

For much of the last century, estate and inheritance taxes have played an important role in helping states to adequately fund public services in a way that exempts middle- and low income taxpayers.

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Four Tax Ideas for Jobs-Focused Governors

July 15, 2012 • By ITEP Staff

As the nation's governors gather in Williamsburg, Virginia this week, their focus is on their Chairman's initiative, Growing State Economies. Too often, however, a governor's knee-jerk response to a lagging economy is to start cutting taxes, even though state tax cuts offer a demonstrably low economic bang-for-the-buck, for a number of reasons.

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The Progressive Income Tax: An Essential Element of Fair and Sustainable State Tax Systems

July 1, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

A few vocal critics have pointed to state personal income taxes as the source of a variety of fiscal and economic problems- arguing that it has enabled wasteful spending, fueled the volatility of revenue collections, or even stifled job-creation. Accordingly, some of these critics have called for the outright repeal of the income tax, while others have suggested making it significantly less progressive. Such proposals, if acted upon, would make it all but impossible for state tax systems to produce revenue in a fair and sustainable fashion.

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Sales Tax Holidays: A Boondoggle

July 1, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

Sales taxes are among the most important--and most unfair--taxes levied by state governments. Sales taxes accounted for a third of state taxes in 2011, but sales taxes are regressive, falling far more heavily on low- and middle- income taxpayers than on the wealthy. In recent years, lawmakers thinking they might lessen the impact of these taxes have enacted "sales tax holidays" that provide temporary sales tax breaks for purchases of clothing, computers, and other items. This policy brief looks at sales tax holidays as a tax reduction device.

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Tax Bill Signed by Governor Brownback Makes Kansas an Outlier

May 24, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

Kansas Governor Sam Brownback recently signed into law Senate Substitute for HB 2117, a tax bill that dramatically changes the Kansas income tax structure. The legislation will cut taxes by over $760 million a year but will actually increase taxes on some lowand middle-income families. This report describes the legislation and its impact on working […]

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Latest Kansas Tax Bill Carries $680 Million Price Tag and Raises Taxes on Those Least Able to Pay

May 17, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

A joint House-Senate conference committ ee is poised to approve a revised version of the tax bill recently sent to the Governor by the House of Representatives. An Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (ITEP) analysis of the agreed-upon tax bill shows that it would reduce state tax collections by about $680 million a year, […]

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Three Strategies for Making Enacted Kansas Tax Plan Less Unfair and Less Costly

May 10, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

Yesterday, the Kansas House of Representatives passed, and sent to Governor Sam Brownback, a tax plan, Senate Substitute for House Bill 2117, that had been previously ratified by the state Senate. A number of lawmakers in both houses have expressed dismay at the projected long-term cost of the bill, and the governor has indicated that […]

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Kansas Tax Bill Would Cost $600 Million a Year While Hiking Taxes on Low-Income Families

May 8, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

Kansas legislators are set to vote on a tax bill recently approved by a joint House-Senate conference committee. An ITEP analysis of the agreed-upon tax bill shows that it would reduce state tax collections by close to $600 million a year, while actually increasing taxes on many low- and middle-income Kansans. The conference committee plan […]

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How Federal Tax Reform Can Help or Hurt State and Local Governments

April 25, 2012 • By Matthew Gardner

Federal tax reform can affect state and local taxes in several ways. The federal government can create, repeal or change tax expenditures in a way that is passed on to the states because virtually every state has tax rules linked to the federal rules. The federal government can subsidize state and local governments’ ability to […]

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Regarding Proposals to Increase Taxes on Upper-Income Rhode Islanders

April 24, 2012 • By Meg Wiehe

My testimony focuses in general on the slate of bills in front of the committee today that would raise taxes on wealthy Rhode Islanders. These bills present Rhode Island policymakers sensible revenue-raising options that could be used to either prevent deeper spending cuts or restore spending to vital public investments such as education, health care, […]

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Repealing Estate Tax Will Not Create An Economic Boom

April 1, 2012 • By Carl Davis

Since Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam proposed reducing the state’s estate tax in February, Tennessee lawmakers have shown increasing interest in this idea. Recently, a House subcommittee one-upped the governor by approving a bill that would gradually repeal the tax outright. House Speaker Beth Harwell explained this move by noting that “[w]e know this tax drives […]